Apologies for the delay - I'm currently working on a funding proposal, and catching up on my Open University "Reading Classical Latin" course, so it's been a busy period for me. Still, without further ado, here's a collection of noteworthy links. I've organised them a little better this time, but expect these updates on a bi-weekly basis in future.
So to begin...
Higher Education
Thomas Benton argues that it's just not worth going to grad school anymore in his article in the Chronicle of Higher Education. He puts this down to "a shrinking percentage of positions in the humanities that offer job security, benefits, and a livable salary", but I can't help but wonder if the same applies to many professions in today's economic climate.
Speaking of the tough economic climate, the New York Times asserts that the Humanities must justify their worth as higher education institutions are faced with painful cuts - implying that the Humanities are somehow less valuable than other disciplines and therefore need to explain why they are still necessary in changing socioeconomic times.
Meanwhile, on this side of the pond the arts and humanities have seen a dramatic decrease in research funding following this week's announcement of how funding will be distributed as a result of the RAE (see the full tables for how much funding was allocated to each discipline here). Although it all seems pretty bleak, Anthony Grafton rightly points out that if we don't start posing the tough but necessary questions now, then "we will see another generation’s relationship [w]ith the university ruined by our refusal to face and discuss facts."
On the brighter side of all this, Geoffrey Rockwell reminds us that these next few years will present opportunities as well as challenges: "Let us build something that celebrates what we do together rather than begging apart", he says, and proposes some credible starting theses. He ends with a rousing call to arms: "Do research not regrets and hold out your hand to those less fortunate as you would want a hand held out to you. Be liberal in your arts and humanity and the liberal arts will thrive"
Here here!
Digital Humanities
As I think about what sort of employment I'd like to take up when my PhD is all over, I do wonder about the possibility of doing work on digital research tools at some (fantastical) higher education institution someplace. Imagine it - to obtain funding to write code to create a programme to be used in the pursuit of humanistic learning, and then write papers on how these tools might be used for the benefit of teachers and researchers. Well, Caveat Lector has a similar vision, but implies that the odds are stacked against those like myself who see this as a credible employment option: "A very, very few digital humanists will run the entire vicious gauntlet and survive in regular humanities departments". At the same time, the University of Lethbridge is playing with the idea of establishing a course which provides "skills, knowledge, and experience a typical undergraduate ought to have if they were to be certified as being basically competent in contemporary web technologies alongside their core domain", indicating that these are necessary skills for graduates, and such skills are nurtured in certain (praiseworthy) institutions. Speaking of web technologies, it's worth noting that Zotero 1.5b1 has just been released, and much is already being written about how we can use its new features together with other applications in meaningful ways.
Finally, in a lengthy but engaging piece posted last year, Kathleen Fitzpatrick proposes a new way forward for academic publishing in the digital age. Fitzpatrick's appropriation of scholarly terms within a digital framework ("scholars must consider how peer review might usefully transform into something more like peer-to-peer review”) reinforces the need for institutions to reassess their outdated modes of academic review and publication, just as the electronic publishing units should seek to adopt "a broader view of textual structures, seeking not just the replacement for print-on-paper but an updating of the codex for a networked environment". Well worth a read.
Website FocusThe Guardian has recently put together a list of 1000 Novels Everyone Must Read, usefully broken down into categories including "Science fiction & fantasy", "War & travel", "State of the Nation" etc - thanks to bookn3rd for pointing it out. Also sourced via bookn3rd is a remarkable online exhibition called Making Visible Embryos; compiled by the University of Cambridge's Department of History and Philosophy of Science, the site illuminates key questions and concerns by "contextualizing images [of human embryos] that have become iconic or were especially widely distributed in their own time" - weird and wonderful stuff.
And Finally...
Hark! A Vagrant is a webcomic by Katie Moira featuring an array of famous (and indeed infamous) historical figures. Ever wondered how Mary Shelley felt in that remote Swiss villa with Lord Byron and her husband? Find out by clicking the image above!
Last week I finally received my copy of Eluvium's boxset, Life Through Bombardment. Eluvium, a.k.a Matthew Cooper, is an ambient electronic musician who incorporates a variety of instruments into his ethereal palette, and the boxset (containing all of his releases) was well worth the money and the wait. The artwork was drawn by Jeannie Paske, and I strongly urge you to visit her website to see more samples of it. If Elvium's work sounds like something you could get into, then why not try downloading the following track from his latest release, Copia (right-click and save): Prelude For Time Feelers
Saturday, 7 March 2009
Marginal Notes, vol. 2
Sunday, 2 November 2008
Zotero: The Next Generation Research Tool (part 2/2)
Perhaps the most useful feature on Zotero is its ability to interact with Microsoft Word (and other similar word-processing software such as Open Office), which saves time and guarantees accuracy when it comes to creating long bibliographies.
By downloading and installing a Zotero plugin, users will have access to an additional toolbar within their respective word processor which permits the importing of bibliographic data into a word document from the Zotero library. For example, choose the "insert citation" button to include a page reference everytime you use a quote from a source stored in Zotero, and once you're done you can choose to "insert bibliography" and Zotero will print out a bibliographic entry for each citation you've used in any style you choose - MLA, Chicago Manual of Style, and so on. Furthermore, if you need to include a bibliographic entry for a book you haven't quoted from within your document, you simply drag and drop the source from Zotero into your word document and the plugin will produce the entry for you. No more hurrying back and forth to the bookshelf (or worse, the library) to find out what year a particular book was published. Again, you really need to use this plugin to fully understand how it functions, but you might also want to have a look at the accompanying documentation located here.
Another nifty little feature of Zotero is the Timeline option. Select a subfolder within your library and click on "Create Timeline" within the Actions menu. This displays a timeline for your bibliographic data within Firefox, which you can sort via month, year, decade - anyway you want. A good way of making sure your sources are mostly up to date!
I've said a lot about what I like about Zotero, and obviously it's not flawless. Whilst it allows highlighting and annotations within HTML files once you choose to "take a snapshot" of the web page you're looking at, it doesn't permit this same feature when it comes to PDF files. The reason for this is that the data for PDF files is stored remotely, so Zotero can't access the information it needs to in order to do to PDF files what it does with everything else. I've found a way around this however - download a program called PDF XChange (for free!) and set it as your default PDF viewer. PDF XChange is essentially an alternative to Adobe Acrobat, and it allows you to easily highlight and annotate PDF files once you've saved a copy onto your hard drive. Overall I prefer it to the Acrobat reader, but it's no sweat if you don't - you can always print the document out and write on it by hand.
Another issue I have with Zotero is the current limit on the amount of translators available. 'Translators' are plugins within Zotero which search for bibliographic data on certain web sites you may visit, and pull that data down if there's code written for it. Currently there aren't any such 'translators' for sites such as the Internet Movie Database, Lexis Nexis, and the MLA online to name just a few. The list is growing, and there's a small army of developers working on these things, but it requires a sound knowledge of JavaScript to develop one yourself, and despite opting for the Scaffold plugin I couldn't get one to work myself. Maybe with a little more help I might make some progress, but right now I don't have the time to spend hours fiddling with code - maybe someone else out there does?
To summarise then, I think what Zotero manages to do is provide software-based support for the academic who doesn't want to completely abandon paper-based note-taking. It supplements the traditional methods of research, and saves a heck of a lot of time when it comes to writing up. When it comes to working on large-scale research projects, I would say this is an essential piece of software and one whose benefits become apparent the more you use it. If anyone has any questions regarding Zotero (if you've decided to use it) then you can contact me at l dot d dot durbin at ex dot ac dot uk. You may also want to take a look through these articles I found concerning Zotero:
http://insidehighered.com/views/2007/09/26/mclemee
http://digitalhistoryhacks.blogspot.com/2006/09/first-look-at-zotero.html
http://www.linux.com/articles/57841
There's also this Wikipedia entry which compares reference management software of various kinds (I'd say Zotero comes out the best overall), and finally a list of institutions recommending Zotero, many of whom have produced extensive tutorials for their students.
Now that I'm done writing writing about Zotero for the meantime, I'll try to post more frequently as my thoughts turn more towards what I'm actually working on for my PhD.
Tuesday, 14 October 2008
Some thoughts on Zotero, The Next Generation Research Tool (part 1/2)
In my effort to disseminate information regarding electronic research aids, I thought it might be a good idea to write a little about one of the more exciting pieces of software I've stumbled upon recently. It's called Zotero, and there's a few things you'll need to know about it before I go into any detail on its functions and uses:
Zotero is:
- A lightweight, non-intrusive extension for the Firefox web browser
- A tool which allows researchers to store, retrieve, organize, and annotate digital documents
- Completely free
- Available in many languages
- Supported by an informative and up-to-date official website
- Designed to supplant traditional, handwritten note-taking
- Compatible with any other browser besides Firefox
- Able to add annotations to PDF documents in the way it does to webpages (more on a workaround for this later)
I ran some Google searches for a free research tool with the ability to store and organise my notes and retrieve bibliographic information (to be imported into a Word document at a later date), but I didn't want to fork out hundreds of pounds for a fancy piece of software with all the bells and whistles attached.
Endnote seemed popular and caught my attention at first, but at £120 this wasn't just failing to fulfill my criteria (I want it for free!) but offered a lot of features that I didn't really care for - why pay over a hundred quid for, among other things, built-in manuscript templates when I can make my own on Word? The other products I found proved similarly unappealing - expensive and overloaded with features. Finally, in the comments of some obscure online forum I heard mention of the name 'Zotero', and I was instantly curious.
For those of you who have taken Internet Explorer for granted as the only real web browser out there, allow me to correct your assumption: it's not, and it's probably the least secure one too. Mozilla Firefox champions itself as "faster, safer and smarter" than IE, pointing to its speed, performance, and open-source nature as just some of the reasons why you should ditch IE in favour of it. Here's my two-penny's worth - Firefox is safer, and here's one big reason why: less people use it. IE is targeted by viruses more than any other browser simply because of it's popularity, and whilst Firefox is hardly a fortress against such attacks it supports multiple 'extensions' (bits of software you attach to the browser) which help guard against them. For IE, you're pretty much relying on Microsoft to guard your data.
But I digress. Zotero - "the answer to my prayers" proclaimed one academic when I told her about it. To understand how Zotero works, and to appreciate the power of it, I'd advise installing it first (assuming you're running Firefox - you're not still on Internet Explorer, are you?), and then making your way to the Amazon homepage and paying attention to the changes you'll see in your browser.
First of all look to the bottom right hand corner of your screen, above the Windows clock there - you'll notice the Zotero logo. If you click on it it will expand to cover the bottom of the screen, so that now you can view the three main tabs within Zotero itself: the one on the left is for organising collections, the middle one shows all of your stored items within the collections, and the right column displays the information relevat to the currently selected item. And that's it! Try running a search for a book on Amazon - now you'll see a tiny icon at the end of your address bar at the top of the browser. If you scroll over that icon you'll see "Save to Zotero (Amazon.com)". Now if you click it, Zotero will pull down all the necessary bibliographic information on the book you searched for, and store if there for you. Look inside Zotero and there it is - you can create a new folder (in the left column) and drop it into there, or you can add notes, attachments and tags to the item (in the right column - tab between these various options by clicking on 'info', 'notes' etc.).
I'll leave it at that for now - try it out, add some items to your list (that little icon won't show up on every book you look for on every website, but the list of translators is growing all the time, and I hope to add some of my own one day), and compile some notes to add to them. In my new post we'll look more closely at what you can add into Zotero, and how to import some of this data into a Word document to help you in writing your research papers. I'll also introduce a way to work around Zotero's difficulties in annotating PDF documents. I'm sure in a few weeks for now I'll be able to post an update on it too - I'm still getting used to this wonderful little tool myself!